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“El Período Especial”

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Cuba, Statements
2010-11-10

A mediados de la década de 1980, la dirigencia cubana implementó una campaña de rectificación y de recentralización de la economía. En contra del espíritu de la época de Michail Gorbatchov y su Perestroika, esto aminoró un poco el colapso completo del sistema cubano, cuando el Consejo de Ayuda Económica Mutua se vino abajo y con ello una gran parte del comercio exterior de Cuba [20]. La respuesta a esto fue el “Período Especial en Tiempos de Paz”, que comenzó el 26 de julio de 1990. En 1993, el PIB de Cuba se había hundido en un 30% – las importaciones de petróleo hasta en un 70% [21]. »»»»


Die “Sonderperiode”

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| : Cuba, Statements
2010-11-10

Mitte der 1980er Jahre führte die kubanische Führung eine Kampagne der rectificación und Dezentralisierung durch. Gegen den Zeitgeist der Perestroika-Kampagne von Michael Gorbatschow gerichtet, hat dies möglicherweise die kubanische Wirtschaft vor dem kompletten Zerfall bewahrt, als der Rat für gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe und damit auch ein großer Teil des kubanischen Außenhandels zusammenbrach[20]. Die Antwort darauf war die “Sonderperiode zu Friedenszeiten”, die am 26. Juli 1990 anfing. Bis 1993 war Kubas BIP um 30% gesunken – Ölimporte sogar um 70%[21]. »»»»


2010-11-10

In the mid 1980s, the Cuban leadership introduced a campaign of rectificación and recentralization of the economy. Going against the zeitgeist of Michail Gorbatchov’s Perestroika programm, this might have saved the Cuban system from complete collapse when the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance fell apart and with it a big part of Cuba’s foreign trade[20]. The response to this was the “Special Period in Times of Peace”, which began on July 26, 1990. By 1993, Cuba’s GDP had sunk by 30% – oil imports even by 70%[21]. »»»»


2010-11-08

El sistema de Cuba se inscribe en el análisis de León Trotsky de un estado obrero degenerado: una sociedad en la que la propiedad privada de los medios de producción ha sido abolida (una condición previa para la transición al socialismo), pero en que una burocracia privilegiada controla todas las esferas políticas, las instituciones económicas, y suprime todas las actividades independientes de las masas. Por lo tanto, la transición al socialismo – la extinción del Estado para que la población activa cada vez mas se haga cargo de todas las tareas de la administración – se bloquea. Y como resultado, todo el sistema tiende a volver hacia atrás, al capitalismo. »»»»


2010-11-08

Cuba’s system fits in with Leon Trotsky’s analysis of a degenerate workers’ state: a society in which the private property of the means of production has been abolished (a precondition for the transition to socialism) but in which a privileged bureaucracy controls all political and economic institutions and suppresses all independent activity by the masses. Therefore, the transition to socialism – the withering away of the state as the working population increasingly takes over all tasks of administration – is blocked. And as a result, the whole system tends to slide back to capitalism. »»»»


2010-11-08

Kubas System passt zu Leo Trotzkis Analyse eines degenerierten ArbeiterInnenstaates: einer Gesellschaft, in der das Privateigentum an den Produktionsmitteln abgeschafft worden ist (eine Voraussetzung für den Übergang zum Sozialismus), aber in der eine privilegierte Bürokratie alle politischen und wirtschaftlichen Institutionen kontrolliert und jegliche unabhängige Aktivität der Massen unterdrückt. Deswegen wird der Übergang zum Sozialismus – also das Absterben des Staates, weil die arbeitende Bevölkerung zunehmend alle Aufgaben der Verwaltung direkt übernimmt – blockiert. Und als Folge driftet das ganze System Richtung Kapitalismus zurück. »»»»


El Bonapartismo en Cuba

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| : Cuba
2010-11-06

Cuba nunca ha sido una sociedad socialista en la que la clase obrera gestiona los medios de producción democráticamente. Cuba nunca ha visto ningún tipo de democracia proletaria: ningún tipo de consejos de trabajadores y campesinos con delegados elegidos y revocables, similar al sistema soviético creado por la Revolución de Octubre en Rusia y, posteriormente aplastada por la contrarrevolución estalinista de los años 1920s/30s. La burocracia cubana no tuvo necesidad de llevar a cabo una contrarrevolución política para aplastar a los órganos de la democracia proletaria, porque esos órganos de tipo soviético simplemente no existieron: desde el principio se basó en el aparato del Estado bonapartista establecido antes de la expropiación de la burguesía. “Castro, quien en 1959 era un Bonaparte de la raquítica burguesía cubana, en 1962, se convirtió en un Bonaparte que “políticamente expropio a la clase obrera cubana” [12]. »»»»


2010-11-06

Kuba war nie eine sozialistische Gesellschaft, in der die ArbeiterInnenklasse die Produktionsmittel demokratisch verwaltet. Kuba hat noch nie irgendeine Art von proletarischer Demokratie gehabt: keine Art von ArbeiterInnen- und Bauern/Bäuerinnenräten, mit gewählten und abwählbaren Delegierten, wie im Sowjetsystem, das durch die Oktoberrevolution in Russland etabliert und später durch die stalinistische Konterrevolution in den 1920er/30er Jahren zerstört wurde. Die kubanische Bürokratie hatte es nicht nötig, eine politische Konterrevolution durchzuführen, um Organe der proletarischen Demokratie zu zerstören, da solche Organe einfach nicht existierten: von Anfang an stützte sie sich auf den (bürgerlich-)bonapartistischen Staatsapparat, der vor der Enteignung der Bourgeoisie etabliert wurde. “Castro, der im Jahr 1959 ein Bonaparte für die geschwächte kubanische Bourgeoisie war, war bis 1962 ein Bonaparte ‘für’ die politisch enteignete kubanische ArbeiterInnenklasse.”[12] »»»»


Cuban Bonapartism

No Translations

| : Cuba, Statements
2010-11-06

Cuba has never been a socialist society in which the working class manages the means of production democratically. Cuba has never seen any kid of proletarian democracy: no kind of workers’ and peasants’ councils with elected and recallable delegates, similar to the Soviet system established by the October Revolution in Russia and subsequently crushed by the Stalinist counterrevolution of the 1920s/30s. The Cuban bureaucracy had no need to carry out a political counterrevolution to crush organs of proletarian democracy because such organs simply did not exist: from the beginning it based itself on the Bonapartist state apparatus established before the expropriation of the bourgeoisie. “Castro, who in 1959 was a bonaparte for the enfeebled Cuban bourgeoisie was, by 1962, a bonaparte “for” the politically expropriated Cuban working class.”[12] »»»»


2010-11-04

La Revolución Cubana comenzó en 1917 con la Revolución de Octubre en Rusia. Durante la primera guerra mundial imperialista, la clase obrera rusa, junto con los campesinos pobres, no sólo derrocaron a la monarquía zarista, pero también derrumbaron el poder de las clases poseedoras. Liderados por el partido obrero revolucionario, conocido como los bolcheviques, los obreros y campesinos formaron los consejos, que ellos llamaron “soviets” llevaron a cabo una reforma agraria sin ningún tipo de indemnización a los antiguos propietarios y la nacionalización de la industria bajo control obrero. »»»»


Die kubanische Revolution begann 1917 mit der Oktoberrevolution in Russland. Während des ersten imperialistischen Weltkriegs stürzte die russische ArbeiterInnenklasse gemeinsam mit der armen Bauernschaft nicht nur die Zarenmonarchie, sondern zerbrach auch die Macht der besitzenden Klassen. Angeführt von einer revolutionären ArbeiterInnenpartei, bekannt als die Bolschewiki, führten die ArbeiterInnen- und Bauern/Bäuerinnenräte eine Landreform durch, ohne Entschädigungen für die ehemaligen BesitzerInnen und vergesellschafteten die Industrie unter ArbeiterInnenkontrolle. »»»»


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